Errors in the Pronunciation of Arabic Letter Articulation Points Makharij al-Huruf among 7th-Grade Students at MTsN 4 Gunungkidul

Abstract

This study aims to identify and analyze errors in the pronunciation of Arabic makh?rij al-?ur?f (points of articulation of Arabic letters) among madrasah students, particularly seventh-grade students at MTsN 4 Gunungkidul. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. Data were collected through oral reading tests, observations, and interviews, and were analyzed using Corder’s error analysis framework and descriptive statistics.

The findings reveal that several students still experience difficulties in reading and accurately pronouncing Arabic letters, particularly letters with similar points of articulation or those requiring precise control of the tongue and throat in accordance with established tajwid rules. The most frequent pronunciation errors were identified in the articulation of ‘Ain (?), accounting for 38.10%, followed by Q?f (?) at 42.86%, and Kh?’ (?) and Th?’ (?) at 28.57%.

Several factors contribute to these pronunciation difficulties, including students’ limited understanding of makh?rij al-?ur?f, differences in educational backgrounds, insufficient practice in reading Arabic texts, and psychological factors. The findings highlight the importance of mastering the correct articulation of makh?rij al-?ur?f, supported by systematic, targeted, and continuous phonetic training. Such training is essential for improving students’ accuracy in pronouncing ?ur?f hij?’iyyah at primary, lower-secondary, and upper-secondary madrasah levels, thereby reducing pronunciation errors.

Therefore, teachers’ continuous assistance and supervision are essential in helping students maintain correct pronunciation, providing appropriate guidance and direction, and giving sufficient practice to prevent persistent errors in articulating Arabic letters. Effective teacher support can play a significant role in developing students’ accuracy and confidence in applying the correct makh?rij al-?ur?f.