Fi'il Madhi and Fiil Amar in the Study of Classical and Contemporary Nahwu Science

Abstract

This study aims to examine and understand the use of fi’il madhi (past tense verbs) and fi’il amar (imperative verbs) from the perspectives of classical and contemporary Arabic grammar (nahwu). This research is conducted to explore how these two types of verbs are understood, explained, and applied in various nahwu literature across different periods. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with a library research approach, focusing on classical nahwu books and modern Arabic linguistic references. The results of this study indicate that classical nahwu tends to assert that every word in Arabic is strictly determined by established grammatical rules. In contrast, the contemporary approach suggests that words are not only determined by rules but also by their appropriateness within the context of communication. Furthermore, fi’il madhi is relatively stable and does not undergo significant changes in meaning and form, whereas fi’il amar shows development in meaning and usage according to communicative needs. Therefore, the integration of classical and contemporary nahwu provides a broader and more comprehensive understanding of Arabic grammar, particularly in the study of the Arabic language.